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Bombardment of Ellwood
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Bombardment of Ellwood : ウィキペディア英語版
Bombardment of Ellwood

The Bombardment of Ellwood during World War II was a naval attack by a Japanese submarine against United States coastal targets near Santa Barbara, California. Though damage was minimal, the event was key in triggering the West Coast invasion scare and influenced the decision to intern Japanese-Americans. The event also marked the first shelling of the North American mainland during the conflict.
==Background==
Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, seven Japanese submarines patrolled the American West Coast. They sank several merchant vessels and skirmished twice with U.S. Navy air or sea forces. By the end of December, the submarines had returned to friendly waters to resupply. Many went to Kwajalein and then returned to American waters. Imperial Japanese Navy submarine was one of these vessels. She displaced when submerged and was long. Her armament included six torpedo tubes and 17 torpedos in total. Up top was a 14-cm deck gun. ''I-17'' carried 101 officers and crew under Commander Kozo Nishino.
Nishino's experience included service with the Japanese fleet assigned to Operation Hawaii. Before the war, he commanded a merchant ship which had sailed through the Santa Barbara Channel. Nishino had stopped at the Ellwood Oil Field, where his ship took on oil before returning to Japan. The oil field would be his target during the bombardment. Most of the damage he inflicted was located within of where Nishino had visited.〔(The Shelling of Ellwood )〕

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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